Identification and detection of the community structure is fundamental and important in the analysis of complex network. To detect community structure precisely, a new community detection algorithm based on EDA (Estimation of distribution algorithms) and field theory is proposed. By studying the instance relation of complex network and introducing the field theory, a community structure probability model is built. The proposed algorithm is illustrated and compared with GN (Girvan Newman) algorithm, genetic algorithm and heuristic algorithm by using classic real world networks. The result demonstrates the proposed algorithm is converge quickly and good practice.