Geotechnical borehole monitoring， as one of the most common tunneling advanced detection techniques， can truly reflect the material properties， characteristics， and groundwater conditions of geomaterials， which is vital to ensure construction safety. Based on the characteristics of the geotechnical borehole monitoring objectives， a smart visual system based on panoramic cameras is developed. The system is suitable for close-range and dynamic high-resolution imaging of the inner walls of long geotechnical boreholes. Based on the improved EfficientNetV2 network and the sliding window prediction， the rapid intelligent recognition of eight types of rock borehole images is realized. Experimental results show that the visual system can meet the requirements for close-range high-resolution panoramic imaging of long boreholes and achieve intelligent state assessment of rock materials. The recognition success rate reaches 91.49% on the test set， and the system preliminarily possesses the comprehensive intelligent evaluation capability of geotechnical borehole status.