Multi-component trace gas detection has important research and application value in industrial， military， agricultural， medical and other fields. Photoacoustic spectroscopy technology is favored by researchers since its high sensitivity， fast response， high selectivity， non-contact real-time continuous measurement and other advantages. Firstly， the basic principle of acoustic spectroscopy and the demand for multicomponent gas monitoring are expounded in this manuscript. Then， in the perspective of light source classification， the existing multicomponent gas measurement technology of the latest research progress is introduced. The commonly used photoacoustic spectroscopy is also reported including multiplexing technology and Fourier transform infrared spectrum interferometric， etc. The application scope， advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed. At the same time， the spectral interference， adsorption-desorption effect and the corresponding solutions of the gas sensing system are introduced in view of the practical application environment. Finally， the future development of multicomponent photoacoustic spectroscopic detection methods is summarized and prospected.