Mass data storage and synchronization are important issues in intelligent manufacturing production lines. The current mainstream method of data synchronization is remote synchronization （RSYNC） algorithm. It uses the method of synchronizing incremental data to reduce the amount of data transmission. The data generated by the intelligent manufacturing line has a deep hierarchical structure and a complex directory structure， thus leading to a long evaluation time during synchronization. Here， a hierarchical Hash numbering algorithm is proposed for synchronization based on data hierarchical numbering of data files， by using a Hash table to record hierarchical information， quickly comparing differential data， and adopting different backup strategies for different types of differential data. Experimental results show that compared with standard RSYNC， the proposed method effectively reduces the amount of data evaluated by RSYNC and synchronization time， which also improves synchronization backup efficiency.