A data compression algorithm in seismic data acquisition system is implemented to improve the data transmission efficiency of the acquisition system, which improves the accuracy and depth of marine seismic exploration. This compression is aimed at seismic data stream, which is easier to implement on FPGA than the existing seismic data compression algorithms. Considering the physical characteristics of seismic wave and using the speech compression algorithm for reference, a lossless compression algorithm for 24-bit seismic data stream, which is easy to be implemented on FPGA, is implemented. On average, the collected seismic data can be compressed to 54% of the original data size.