Aiming at the problem of slow convergence and low accuracy of image registration method in precision medicine, a registration method based on improved brain storm optimization(IBSO) algorithm is proposed. The new registration includes three steps. Firstly, the unregistered images are decomposed into multi-resolution images. Then, the IBSO algorithm is used for global coarse registration of low-resolution images. Finally, the Simplex is utilized to fine registration of high-resolution images. Compared with methods of particle swarm optimization combined with Simplex, differential evolution algorithm combined with Powell, and brain storm optimization combined with Powell, the average running time of the proposed algorithm reduces by 32.89%, 13.91% and 13.66% respectively in the mono-modality registration experiment, in which the maximum error and the average error are minimum too. It also outperforms the above three registration algorithms in multi-modality registration experiments, in which the measures of mutual information (MI), normalized mutual information (NMI), cross cumulative residual entropy (CCRE) and normalization cross-correlation (NCC) are best in all. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the accuracy and speed of medical image registration.