Given the critical role of high-speed transportation facilities, non-destructive testing technology is required in all aspects of their production, deployment, use and maintenance. We discuss the necessity of non-destructive testing of high-speed transportation facilities, the status of testing, the development trend of testing technology, including new detection technology based on multi-physics principle, material stress, microstructure, mechanical properties and other status testing, as well as non-destructive testing and structural health that integrate artificial intelligence. Our research will lay the foundation for non-destructive testing of high-speed transportation facilities.