基于特征增强的无人机航拍光伏板轻量级双模态缺陷检测器
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作者单位:

1华南师范大学材料与新能源学院,汕尾 516600;2华南师范大学数据科学与工程学院,汕尾516600;3华南师范大学行知书院,汕尾 516600

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基金项目:

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金 2024A1515012126广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515012126)。


A Feature-Enhanced Lightweight Dual-Modal Detector for UAV-Based Photovoltaic Panel Defect Detection
Author:
Affiliation:

1School of Materials and New Energy, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600, China;2School of Data Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600, China;3Xingzhi College, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600, China

Fund Project:

Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Project 2024A1515012126Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Project (No.2024A1515012126).

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    摘要:

    无人机航拍光伏板缺陷检测中,红外图像与可见光图像分别反映热异常和纹理结构信息,但局部模态错位、微小缺陷弱响应易衰减以及双模态模型推理开销较高等问题,仍制约检测性能与实际应用。本文提出基于特征增强的轻量级双模态缺陷检测器(Feature-enhanced lightweight dual-modal detector,FLD-DET)。以红外与可见光双模态检测框架为基础,FLD-DET在骨干特征提取过程中嵌入动态稀疏窗口(Dynamic sparse window,DSWin),通过局部卷积归纳、通道压缩和自适应注意力分配增强微小缺陷弱响应的保持能力。针对双模态特征之间的局部空间偏移问题,本文设计轻量级跨模态注意力机制(Lightweight cross-modal attention,LCoA),利用方向位置信息编码增强双模态特征的空间对应关系。在检测特征生成阶段,FLD-DET引入区域感知特征聚合(Regional-aware feature aggregation,RAFA)头,强化缺陷与背景之间的判别表达。实验结果表明,FLD-DET在航拍双模态光伏板缺陷数据集上实现了检测性能与推理效率的较好平衡,并在微小缺陷识别方面具有一定优势。FLD-DET在M3FD数据集上也取得了较优的检测结果,展现出一定的跨场景适用性。

    Abstract:

    In UAV-based photovoltaic panel defect detection, infrared and visible images provide complementary information on thermal anomalies and surface texture structures. However, local modality misalignment, attenuation of weak responses from tiny defects, and the high computational cost of dual-modal models still limit detection performance and practical deployment. To address these challenges, this study proposes a feature-enhanced lightweight dual-modal detector for UAV-based photovoltaic panel defect detection, termed FLD-DET. Built on an infrared-visible dual-modal detection framework, FLD-DET incorporates a dynamic sparse window (DSWin) module into the backbone feature extraction process. DSWin enhances the retention of weak responses from tiny defects through local convolutional inductive bias, channel compression, and adaptive attention allocation. To mitigate local spatial discrepancies between dual-modal features, a lightweight cross-modal attention (LCoA) mechanism is designed to strengthen the spatial correspondence between infrared and visible features by encoding directional positional information. During the detection feature generation stage, FLD-DET introduces a regional-aware feature aggregation (RAFA) head to enhance the discriminative representation between defect regions and background regions. Experimental results show that FLD-DET achieves a favorable balance between detection performance and inference efficiency on the aerial dual-modal photovoltaic panel defect dataset and demonstrates good recognition capability for tiny defects. FLD-DET also obtains competitive detection results on the M3FD dataset, indicating potential cross-scenario generalization.

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引用本文

唐小煜,何慧伊可,黄晓丹,吴文隶.基于特征增强的无人机航拍光伏板轻量级双模态缺陷检测器[J].数据采集与处理,2026,41(5):1333-1348

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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-16
  • 最后修改日期:2026-07-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-10-14