基于ADS-B与Remote ID的低空智联网无人机监视性能分析
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南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,南京 211106

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国家自然科学基金(62301251);江苏省前沿引领技术基础研究专项基金(BK20222013);航空科学基金(2023Z071052007);东南大学移动通信全国重点实验室开放研究基金(2024D04)。


ADS-B and Remote ID Based Performance Analysis for UAV Surveillance in Low-Altitude Intelligent Networks
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College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

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    摘要:

    低空智联网作为新质生产力促进了低空经济的飞速发展,但无人机的广泛应用对空域监管提出了很高的要求。本文主要关注两种潜在无人机飞行监管技术应用于低空智联网的性能分析:广播式自动相关监视(Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, ADS-B)和无人机远程识别(Remote identification, Remote ID)。首先,系统介绍了ADS-B和Remote ID的基本原理;然后,基于当前技术标准分析了两种技术的理论传输距离,并定义了定位精度评估方法。搭建了符合性能要求的ADS-B和Remote ID实验系统,通过实测信号强度估计实际传输距离,并测量了经纬度和高度的定位精度以及丢包率。通过实测数据分析首次全面评估了ADS-B和Remote ID在低空智联网中的实际应用效果。结果显示,ADS-B在传输距离和定位精度上优于Remote ID,而Remote ID在高度定位上更具优势;在通信稳定性方面,ADS-B能够为远距离提供稳定服务,Remote ID在近距离下表现良好。最后,展望了未来无人机监管技术的发展方向,围绕优化传输距离、覆盖范围、定位精度和丢包率等问题提出优化方向和解决方案。

    Abstract:

    The low-altitude intelligent network, as a new type of productivity, has facilitated the rapid development of the low-altitude economy. However, the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has posed significant challenges for airspace regulation. This paper mainly focuses on the performance analysis of two potential UAV flight regulation technologies applied to the low-altitude intelligent network: Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) and remote identification (Remote ID). Firstly, we systematically introduce the basic mechanisms of ADS-B and Remote ID. Then, based on current technical standards, theoretical transmission distances of these two technologies are analyzed, and methods for evaluating positioning accuracy are defined. We build ADS-B and Remote ID experimental systems that meet performance requirements, estimate the actual transmission distances through measured signal strength, and measure the positioning accuracy of latitude, longitude, and altitude, as well as the packet loss rate. Through the analysis of the measured data, this paper comprehensively evaluates practical application effects of ADS-B and Remote ID in low-altitude intelligent network for the first time. Results show that ADS-B outperforms Remote ID in terms of transmission range and positioning accuracy, while Remote ID performs better in altitude positioning. In terms of communication stability, ADS-B provides stable reception over long distances, while Remote ID performs well in short-range scenarios. Finally, the future development directions of UAV regulation technology are discussed, and solutions for optimizing transmission distance, coverage range, positioning accuracy, and packet loss rate are proposed.

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朱奕安,何佳,贾子晔,吴启晖,董超,张磊.基于ADS-B与Remote ID的低空智联网无人机监视性能分析[J].数据采集与处理,2025,40(1):27-44

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09
  • 最后修改日期:2024-07-16
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-02-23