Unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） swarms have become critical equipment for performing complex tasks due to their flexibility， low cost， and the ability to carry various sensors. Their application depends on timely and efficient communication. Therefore， the research on UAV swarm communication networks has also received widespread attention in recent years. The inherent characteristics of UAV swarms， such as high mobility， high information interaction， and low energy storage， impose various severe challenges on the management of communication resources. This paper summarizes the application scenarios， advantages， and characteristics of the UAV swarm communication network， and extracts the challenges faced by resource optimization. From the perspectives of strategies and methods， this paper summarizes the existing resource optimization schemes， and sorts out the technical difficulties， such as communication performance improvement in large-scale cluster scenarios， timely decision update in high-complex environments， and communication satisfaction improvement in multi-heterogeneous requirements. Finally， the technical direction and development prospects of the UAV swarm communication network are prospected based on the research status， potential application value and the application advantages of emerging technologies.