Most α wave studies only analyze α wave differences in different brain regions, which provides insufficient information to study their neural mechanisms. Aiming at this problem, a α wave independent component energy analysis method is proposed, and the main area of α wave generation is traced combining with the source localization algorithm. Firstly, the main active zone of α wave is analyzed by calculating α wave power in each brain area after pre-treatment. Then the independent components of decomposition from FastICA algorithm are source localized. Finally, the relationship between α wave in main brain area of action and every independent component is analyzed by α wave independent component energy analysis method. Testing results on six 26-year-old right-handed male subjects show that the main action areas of α wave in relaxed state are the left and the right occipital regions, followed by the right and the left posterior iliac regions. Although there is no distinct differences in α wave power of the left and the right occipital regions, the main α wave energy comes from different neural sources, which is located at the left brain near the left occipital area and the right brain near the right occipital area, respectively. Results of two-way repeated analysis of variance show that these two different neural sources have effect on α wave of the left and the right occipital regions.