Abstract:UAV swarms have become critical equipment for performing complex tasks due to their flexibility, low cost, and the ability to carry various sensors. Their application depends on timely and efficient communication. Therefore, the research on UAV swarm communication networks has also received widespread attention in recent years. The inherent characteristics of UAV swarms, such as high mobility, high information interaction, and low energy storage, make the management of communication resources face various severe challenges. This paper firstly summarizes the application scenarios, advantages, and characteristics of the UAV swarm communication network, and extracts the challenges faced by resource optimization. From the perspectives of strategies and methods, this paper summarizes the existing resource optimization schemes, and sorts out the technical difficulties, such as communication performance improvement in large-scale cluster scenarios, timely decision update in high-complex environments, and communication satisfaction improvement in multi-heterogeneous requirements. Finally, according to the research status and potential application value, combine with the application advantages of emerging technologies, the technical direction and development prospects of the UAV swarm communication network are prospected.