一种低成本便携式机载导航设备
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中国民用航空飞行学院, 广汉 618307

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民航飞行技术与飞行安全重点实验室开放基金(FZ2020KF05)资助项目。


Low Cost Portable Airborne Navigation Equipment
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Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China

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    摘要:

    “低、慢、小”飞行器的监控是低空空域开放的一个技术难题,制约通航的发展速度。本文针对“低、慢、小”航空器运行特点,设计一种低成本、小体积和低功耗的导航通信设备,该设备集成了GPS、北斗、伽利略导航源以及北斗短报文通信功能,利用民航的ADS-B通信数据链及北斗短报文接收系统,不仅将“低、慢、小”飞行器纳入了民航的通信导航监视/空中交通管理(Communication navigation surveillance/air traffic management,CNS/ATM)监管体系,规避了在融合空域内与运输机的运行风险,还解决了ADS-B数据链在障碍物遮挡、超视距等情况下无线信号丢失的问题。同时采用航迹外推、误差修正等技术,确保飞行器航迹连续性以及位置精度的准确性。并通过轿车及通航飞机搭载该设备进行飞行比对验证,功能及性能都优于现有的ADS-B机载通信导航设备,为实现低空空域飞行器“看得见、能识别、能处置”的目标提供一种技术解决方法。

    Abstract:

    The monitoring of “low height, slow speed, small size” aircraft is a technical problem in the opening of low-altitude airspace, which restricts the development of general aviation. This paper designs a low-cost, small-volume and low-power navigation communication equipment for “low, slow and small” aircraft. The equipment integrates GPS、 Beidou, Galileo navigation source and Beidou short message communication functions. Using the civil aviation ADS-B communication data chain and Beidou short message receiving system, it not only brings “low, slow and small” aircraft into civil aviation communication navigation surveillance/air traffic management(CNS/ATM) supervision system, as well as avoids the operation risk of large aircraft in the fusion airspace, but also solves the problem of wireless signal loss in the case of obstacle occlusion and hyper-range. At the same time, track extrapolation and error correction techniques are used to ensure the accuracy of aircraft track continuity and position accuracy. A car and a light aircraft are deployed to carry on the flight comparison verification, and the results demonstrate that the function and the performance are superior to the existing ADS-B airborne communication and navigation equipment. This equipment provides a technical solution to “visible, identifiable and disposal” low altitude airspace aircraft.

    图1 设备系统原理图Fig.1 Diagram of equipment
    图2 ARM系统结构图Fig.2 System structure of ARM
    图3 系统业务逻辑Fig.3 System business logic
    图4 导航数据处理流程Fig.4 Navigation data processing process
    图5 高度数据处理流程Fig.5 Processing process of high data
    图6 气压高度处理算法Fig.6 Algorithm of air pressure height
    图7 北斗短报文数据流程Fig.7 Process of Beidou short Message
    图8 FPGA接口数据流程Fig.8 Process of FPGA interface data
    图9 导航设备实物图Fig.9 Diagram of navigation equipment
    图10 导航设备测试性能方案Fig.10 Performance test scheme for equipment
    图11 设备测试效果图Fig.11 Test effect of equipment
    图12 机场监视系统显示结果Fig.12 Result of airport surveillance system
    图13 飞行测试结果Fig.13 Flight test result
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引用本文

赵泽荣,赵小勇.一种低成本便携式机载导航设备[J].数据采集与处理,2021,36(3):621-628

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-07
  • 最后修改日期:2020-10-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-16